|
10.
|
like, alike, as𣿅
|
|
|
1. |
alike相當於like each other,意思是"相似的"，"同樣的"，只可作敘述的用法
(放在動詞之後)，不可作限定的用法(不可放在名詞之前)。如：𣿅 |
|
|
|
(1) |
The two office buildings are alike in size and shape.𣿅
(這兩棟辦公大樓大小和造型都一樣。)𣿅 |
|
|
|
(2)
|
The books are all alike in appearance.(這些書外表都一樣。)𣿅
|
|
|
|
(3)
|
Her two daughters are very (much) alike.(她的兩個女兒彼此很像。)
|
|
|
|
比 |
較 |
： |
He's got two very similar-looking daughters.
(他有兩個相貌很相似的女兒。) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
本句裏的 similar-looking不可改用alike，因為
alike不能放在名詞之前作限定的用法。𣿅 |
|
|
(註)
|
(a)
|
有些人覺得 alike之前不可用very，應改用very much,其實very
alike在具有相當教育水準的人士之間用得不少。
|
|
|
|
(b)
|
alike還可作副詞用，相當於in the same way,國語譯作"以同樣的方式"。
如：𣿅
|
|
|
|
|
He treats everybody alike.(他對待每一個人都一樣。)
|
|
|
2. |
like作形容詞用時既可作限定的用法，也可作敘述的用法。如： |
|
|
|
(1) |
The picture is not like.(這張畫不像。) |
|
|
|
(2) |
He and his brother are very like (each other) (=...are very
much alike).
(他和他哥哥彼此很像。) |
|
|
|
|
本句裏的 each other可以省略，如果用了alike，後面不可接
each other(或其他名詞)。 |
|
|
|
(3) |
The twin brothers are as like as two peas (=...are exactly
alike).
(這對雙胞兄弟一模一樣。)𣿅 |
|
|
|
(4) |
A like (= similar) fate will overtake you.
(同樣的命運也會臨到你的頭上。)𣿅 |
|
|
|
|
•
•
• |
|
|
3. |
like也常兼具形容詞與介詞兩用的性質，作 "像"、"如"
講－－在過去，這種用法的like之後原來有個介詞
to(後面有 to 的 like是形容詞)，到現在，to 略而不用，使得 like
成了具有形容詞作用的介詞，所以它可以一方面做形容詞用，一方面又可以接受詞。 如： |
|
|
|
(1) |
I admire people like that.(我欽佩〔像〕那樣的人。)蕌 |
|
|
|
|
本句裏的 like that是形容詞片語，修飾名詞
people，而 that卻是做 like的受詞。 |
|
|
|
(2) |
My sister isn't much like me.(我妹妹不怎麼像我。) |
|
|
|
|
本句裏的 like me
是形容詞片語，做主詞補語，me 則是 like 的受詞。𣿅 |
|
|
|
(3) |
It looks like rain.(看樣子要下雨。)蕌 |
|
|
|
|
like rain是形容詞片語， 做主詞補語，
rain則是like的受詞。 |
|
|
|
(4) |
The rain looks like lasting.(雨好像要繼續下下去。)蕌 |
|
|
|
|
動名詞 lasting是like的受詞。 |
|
|
|
|
•
•
• |
|
|
4. |
like還可作純介詞用。如：𣿅 |
|
|
|
(1) |
When I went into her room, she was sleeping like a log.𣿅
(我進入她的房間時，她睡得很熟。)蕌 |
|
|
|
|
like a log是介詞片語，用作副詞，修飾動詞was
sleeping。 |
|
|
|
(2) |
They are behaving like children.(他們的舉止像小孩。)蕌 |
|
|
|
|
like children是修飾動詞 are behaving。𣿅 |
|
|
|
(3) |
Don't speak to me like that.(不要像那樣跟我說話。) |
|
|
|
|
like that是修飾動詞 speak。𣿅 |
|
|
|
(4) |
I want to do something nice, like going to a party.𣿅
(我要做愉快的事情，像去參加舞會啦。) |
|
|
5. |
like可作名詞用，指同樣的事物或人，此一用法的
like之前通常都有the或所有格。如： |
|
|
|
(1) |
We shall not see his like again.(=We shall not see a person
equal to him.)𣿅 |
|
|
|
|
(像他這樣〔好〕的人我們再也見不到了。 ) |
|
|
|
(2) |
That was acting. We shall not see its like again.𣿅
(那是演技，像這樣的演技我們再也看不到了。
)𣿅 |
|
|
|
(3) |
Did you ever see (hear) the like of that?𣿅
(你有沒有見過〔聽說過〕像這樣的事情?--可能是好事，也可能是壞事，視上下文而定。)𣿅 |
|
|
|
(4) |
I've never met the likes of you.(我從未遇見過像你這樣的人。)𣿅 |
|
|
|
|
•
•
• |
|
|
6. |
as作 "像"、 "如"講是連接詞，後接子句。如：𣿅 |
|
|
|
(1) |
She's a fine singer, as her mother used to be.𣿅
(她是個優秀的歌星，像她的母親過去一樣。)𣿅 |
|
|
|
(2) |
Mr.Wang, as you know, is a distinguished writer.𣿅
(王先生，如你所知，是個赫赫有名的作家。)𣿅 |
|
|
(註) |
(a) |
在正式的寫作體裁裏，此種用法的 as之後的主詞與動詞可以倒置成疑問句的形式
(參閱 p.139 提示)。如：𣿅 |
|
|
|
|
(1) |
He was a Catholic, as were most of his friends.𣿅
(他是個天主教徒，如同他的大多數朋友一樣。)𣿅 |
|
|
|
|
(2) |
He believed, as did all his family, that the King was their
supreme lord.
(他，如同他所有的家人一樣，相信國王是他們的至高無上的君主。)𣿅 |
|
|
|
(b) |
as還可用在介詞片語之前。如： |
|
|
|
|
(1) |
In Greece, as in Italy, they use a lot of olive oil in
cooking.𣿅
(在希臘，像在義大利一樣，做菜時用許多橄欖油。)𣿅 |
|
|
|
|
(2) |
In 1939, as in 1914, there was a great surge of patriotic
feeling.
(一九三九年，像在一九一四年一樣，有一股洶湧澎湃的愛國情緒。) |
|
|
7. |
在非正式的美語裏，like常被用作連接詞代替as或 as
if，英語也逐漸跟進，但在正式的場合，仍然被認為是錯誤的用法，我們雖然不能不知，但最好不要仿效。 如：𣿅 |
|
|
|
(1) |
Who loves you like (= as) I do, baby?(誰像我這樣愛你，寶貝?) |
|
|
|
(2) |
They sat there eating and drinking like there was (= as if
there were) no tomorrow. |
|
|
|
|
(他們坐在那裏吃呀喝呀，就好像沒有明天。) |
|
|
|
(3) |
It happened like (= as) you said it would.
(這事如你所說會發生的那樣發生了。) |
|
|
|
(4) |
He acted like (= as if) he was afraid to go home.
(他的舉動好像他不敢回家。)𣿅 |
|
|
8. |
like 的慣用語： |
|
|
|
A. |
something like (有一點像，大約)𣿅 |
|
|
|
|
(1) |
The airship was shaped something like a cigar.𣿅
(那飛船的外型有點像一支雪茄。) |
|
|
|
|
|
如果把 like讀重一點，那就不是 "有一點像"，而是
"才像"。 如下例： |
|
|
|
|
(2) |
This is something like a dinner!
(這才像一頓晚餐!－－表示這頓晚餐很好。)𣿅 |
|
|
|
|
(3) |
He left something like a million.(=He died leaving about a
million.)
(他死的時候留下了大約一百萬。)𣿅 |
|
|
|
|
(4) |
The plane will take off at something like two o'clock.
(飛機在兩點左右起飛。) |
|
|
|
B. |
nothing like (一點也沒有…那樣好，根本不像…那樣) |
|
|
|
|
(1) |
There's nothing like walking as a means of keeping fit.𣿅
(作為保持健康的方法，沒有比散步更好了。
) |
|
|
|
|
|
fit = in good health |
|
|
|
|
(2) |
His new book is nothing like as good as his earlier books.
(他的新書一點也沒有他以前所寫的書那樣好。)𣿅 |
|
|
|
C. |
feel like (心裏覺得要，
想)－－後接動名詞或名詞。𣿅 |
|
|
|
|
(1) |
I felt like crying!(我真想哭!)𣿅 |
|
|
|
|
(2) |
Do you feel like going for a walk?(你想不想散散步?)𣿅 |
|
|
|
|
(3) |
I don't feel like working (or work) today.(我今天不想工作。)𣿅 |