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7.
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冠詞的重複與省略：
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1.
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原則上兩個或超過兩個名詞由 and
連接在一起並列時，若指不同的人或事物，每個名詞之前都要有冠詞；若指同一個人或事物，只有第一個名詞需要冠詞。如：
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(1)
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a.
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They are a poet and a novelist.
(他們是一個詩人和一個小說家
－－
兩個人。)
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b.
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He was a poet and novelist.
(他是詩人兼小說家 －－
一個人。)
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(註)
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兩個名詞並列指同一人或事物時，第二個名詞也可加冠詞，以示加強語氣。如：
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He was a poet and a novelist.
(他是詩人，也是小說家
－－
一個人。)
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(2)
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a.
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There are a desk, a chair, and a bookcase in the study.
(書房裡有一張桌子，一把椅子，和一個書架。)
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b.
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There is a desk and chair in the study.
(書房裡有一張帶有椅子的書桌
－－
椅子和桌子連在一起。)
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其
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他
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如：
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a watch and chain (帶有錶帶的手錶)
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a needle and thread (穿著線的針)
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the bread and butter (這個奶油麵包)
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(3)
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a.
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The teacher and the writer are very wise men.
(這位老師和這位作家都是很有才學的人－－
兩個人。)
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b.
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The teacher and writer is a very wise man.
(這位老師兼作家是位很有才學的人。－－
一個人。)
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2.
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兩個名詞並列而不可能是指同一個人或事物時，第二個名詞之前的冠詞可以省略。－－若有三個以上名詞以此類推。 如：
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(1)
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A gentleman and (a) lady are walking towards us.
(一位先生和一位女士在向我們走來。)
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(2)
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The son and (the) daughter of the man whom we met there are my children's friends.
(我們在那裡遇見的那個人的兒子和女兒是我的孩子的朋友。)
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(3)
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I dislike living in a city because of the air pollution, (the)
crime, and (the) heavy traffic.
(由於空氣污染、犯罪行為以及交通擁塞，我討厭住在都市裡。)
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3.
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在同一個名詞之前有兩個形容詞並列時，若指不同的人或事物，每個形容詞之前都需要冠詞；若指同一個人或事物，只有第一個形容詞之前需要冠詞。如：
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(1)
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the black and the white dog (=the black dog and the white dog)
(這隻黑狗和這隻白狗－－兩隻狗)……●+○
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(2)
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the black- and-white dog
(這隻黑白色的花狗－－一隻狗)……●○
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(3)
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the black and the white dogs可能有兩個不同的意義：
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兩隻狗，一黑一白。……●+○
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兩隻以上的狗，有黑有白。……●●+○
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•
•
• |
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(註)
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名詞之前的兩個形容詞不可能同指一件事物時，第二個形容詞之前的冠詞常被省略。
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the first and (the) second chapter=the first (chapter) and the second chapter (第一章和第二章)
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the East and (the) West coasts of the United States (美國的東西兩岸)
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the nineteenth and (the) twentieth centuries (第十九世紀和第二十世紀)
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8.
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冠詞的位置：
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1.
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原則上冠詞是要放在其他的形容詞之前。如：
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a (the) novel
a (the) short novel
an (the) English short novel
an
(the) interesting English short novel |
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2.
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不定冠詞a或an要放在what, such, many三個形容詞之後。即：what/such /many /＋a＋形容詞＋名詞。
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(1)
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A what beautiful sunset (×)
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it is! (好美麗的落日啊!)
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What a beautiful sunset (O)
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(2)
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You can not think
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what good a time (×)
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we had last night.
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what a good time (O)
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(你們想不到我們昨天晚上玩的是多麼開心。)
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(3)
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I have never heard of
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a such (×)
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thing in my life.
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such a (O)
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(我平生從來沒有聽說過這種事情。)
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3.
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形容詞之前有副詞how,however,too,so,as時，不定冠詞 a / an該放在形容詞之後。
即：how / however / too / so / as＋形容詞＋a/an＋名詞。
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(1)
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How a beautiful sunset (×)
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it is!
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(好美麗的落日啊!)
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How beautiful a sunset (O)
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(2)
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You can not think
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how a good time (×)
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we had last night.
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how good a time (O)
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(你們想不到我們昨天晚上玩的是多麼開心。)
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(3)
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This is
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a too good opportunity (×)
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to be lost.
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too a good opportunity (×)
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too good an opportunity (O)
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(這是個太好的機會，不可失去。)
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•
•
• |
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(8)
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Here you can build
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as a large house (×)
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as you please.
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as large a house (O)
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(在這裡你可以建築一所你要多大就建多大的房屋。)
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4.
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冠詞與 quite 或 rather 的相關位置：
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A.
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若無其他形容詞，冠詞必須放在 quite 或 rather 之後。如：
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(1)
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He is
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a quite (×)
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gentleman.(他的確是個君子。)
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quite a (O)
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(2)
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He made
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a quite (×)
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effort, but it was not good enough.
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quite an (O)
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(他確實很努力，可是做的還不夠好。)
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•
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B.
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如果另有形容詞，冠詞放在 quite 或 rather 之前或後均可，不過以後者較為普遍。如：
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(1)
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It's
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a quite good book (對)
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, but there are many that are better.
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quite a good book (更好)
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(這是一本還算不錯的書，但是還有許多更好的。)
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(2)
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When I came to know him well, I found him
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a quite different man.(對)
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quite a different man.(更好)
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(當我認識他很清楚的時候，我發現他完全不是我當初所想像的那種人。)
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以上兩例中的 quite 含義不同，(1)例中的 quite 是 "多少有一點"，(2)例中的quite是 "完全"。如何區別呢? 可閱第二冊
pp.161B-163 提示。 |
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5.
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a half 和 half a：
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A.
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後接名詞時， 美語中多用 a half，英語中則用 half a。如：
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a half hour (美) |
(半小時) |
a half bottle (美) |
(半瓶) |
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half an hour (英) |
half a bottle (英) |
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B. |
複合字裡只可用 a half，不可用 half a。如： |
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a half-hour test (半小時的測驗) |
a half-mile walk (半哩路的步行) |
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C. |
不是真的能分成一半者只可用 a half，不可用 half a。如： |
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a half moon (上弦月或下弦月) |
a half brother (同父異母或同母異父的兄弟) |
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D. |
and 之後只用 a half,不用 half a。如： |
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two and a half pounds (兩磅半) |
three and a half days (三天半) |
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E. |
後面沒有名詞只可用 a half,不可用 half a。如： |
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two miles and a half (=two and a half miles) (兩哩半) |
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one month and a half (=one and a half months) (一個半月) |
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(註) |
one and a half 之後的名詞必須用複數形。 |
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6. |
定冠詞the 該放在all，both 之後。 |
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(1) |
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The all boys (×) |
have gone on a picnic. |
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All (the) boys (O) |
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(男孩子們全部帶著野餐旅行去了。 ) |
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•
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(註) |
(a) |
有關專有名詞與冠詞可閱 p.229。 |
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(b) |
有關 "the＋形容詞" ＝ 各種名詞可閱 p.375。 |
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(c) |
有關最高級形容詞與冠詞可閱 p.376。 |
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(d) |
有關 "the＋比較級…，the＋比較級…" 可閱 p.397。䊵 |