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7. |
抽象名詞的慣用法：
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1.
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of＋抽象名詞
＝ 形容詞
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of＋great＋抽象名詞
＝ very＋形容詞
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of＋no＋抽象名詞
＝ not＋形容詞
(or -less)
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(1)
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He may be a man of character, but he cannot be a man of
ability.
(他也許是個有品格的人，但不可能是個有能力的人。)
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a man of ability = an able man |
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(4)
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It is of no use. (= It is not useful. = It is
useless.)
(這東西沒有用處。)
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a man of wisdom = a wise man (賢人)
a man of wealth = a wealthy (rich) man (富人)
a man of learning = a learned man (有學問的人)
a man of experience = an experienced man (有經驗的人)
a man of courage = a courageous man (有勇氣的人)
a man thirty years of age = a man thirty years old (三十歲的男人)
a woman of great beauty = a very beautiful woman (非
常美麗的女子)
a matter of no importance = an unimportant matter (不重要的事情)
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2.
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with
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＋(great＋) 抽象名詞
＝ (very＋) 副詞
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in
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by
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on
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(1)
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She treated me with kindness. (她很親切地對待我。)
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with kindness = kindly (親切地) |
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(2)
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She can speak English with great fluency. (她英文說得非常流利。)
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with great fluency = very fluently (非常流利) |
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(5)
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The servant broke the dish on purpose. (那傭人故意把碟子打破了。 )
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on purpose= purposely (故意地)
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with ease = easily
(容易地)
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with care = carefully (仔細地)
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with diligence = diligently
(勤勉地)
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with calmness = calmly (鎮靜地)
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with fairness = fairly
(公平地)
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3.
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抽象名詞＋itself
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＝ very＋形容詞
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all＋抽象名詞
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(1)
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She is kindness itself. (= She is very kind.) (她很仁慈。)
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(5)
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When I spoke to him kindly, he was all courtesy in a moment.
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(當我客客氣氣地跟他說的時候，他也很快地就客氣了。)
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all courtesy = very courteous (很有禮貌的)
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8.
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抽象名詞的形成：
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大多數抽象名詞是由他種詞類轉換而成：
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由形容詞轉成：
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kind
(仁慈的) |
kindness
(仁慈) |
happy
(幸福的) |
happiness
(幸福) |
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由動詞轉成： |
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動詞 |
抽象名詞 |
動詞 |
抽象名詞 |
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hate
(恨) |
hatred
(仇恨) |
live
(生活) |
life
(生活，生命) |
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(註) |
有些抽象名詞與動詞同形。
如： |
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love (愛), hope (希望),
study (學習), fear (恐懼), sleep (睡眠), exercise (操練), expe
rience (經驗), increase (增加), wonder (驚奇), quarrel (爭吵) 等。 |
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3. |
由普通名詞轉成： |
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普通名詞 |
抽象名詞 |
普通名詞 |
抽象名詞 |
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man
(男人) |
manhood (成年期) |
neighbor (鄰人) |
neighborhood (附近) |
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賀氏英文法全書 | |