3. |
複合人稱代名詞
(Compound Personal Pronoun): |
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字尾是
-self(單數)和
-selves(複數)的人稱代名詞稱為複合人稱代名詞。計有
myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself, ourselves,
yourselves 和 themselves
九個字。 |
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1. |
複合人稱代名詞的用法: |
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A. |
做受詞 --
此一受詞必須和主詞指相同的物件。作此用法的代名詞又稱
"反身代名詞 (reflexive pronoun)"。句中的動詞除了一個字的及物動詞而外,也可能是"不及物動詞+介詞"
或 "及物動詞+受詞+介詞"
的片語動詞。 |
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(1) |
She hanged herself
in her own room last night.
(她昨天夜裡在她自己的房間裡上吊死了。
) |
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(2) |
(You) Respect yourself,
or no one else will respect you.
(你要尊重你自己,否則別人不會尊重你的。) |
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(9) |
One should not praise oneself.
(一個人不應該自我表揚。) |
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B. |
作同位語 --
可能是主詞的同位語,也可能是受詞的同位語。此一同位語的作用是在
"強調"
不是別人正是自己。因而此種用法的代名詞又稱為
"強勢代名詞 (emphatic or intensive pronoun)"。
如: |
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(1) |
a. |
I heard Mother say that
she would buy me a new coat. (普通)
(我聽媽媽說她要替我買一件新外套。) |
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b. |
I myself heard
Mother say that she would buy me a new coat. (加強主詞I的語氣) |
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(我親耳聽媽媽說她要替我買一件新外套。) |
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c. |
I heard Mother herself
say that she would buy me a new coat.(加強受詞
Mother
的語氣)
(我聽媽媽親口說她要替我買一件新外套。) |
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2. |
複合人稱代名詞的使用要點: |
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A. |
不可做主詞
-- 但可接在主詞之後做同位語 (參閱
p.73)
以加強語氣。 如: |
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(1) |
a. |
I saw the thief enter
your room. (O)
(我看見了那個小偷進入你的房間。) |
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b. |
Myself saw the
thief enter your room. (×) |
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c. |
I myself saw the
thief enter your room. (O)
(我親眼看見那個小偷進入你的房間。) |
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(4) |
His parents
and |
ourselves (×) |
are
cooperating in this matter. |
we
(O) |
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(他的雙親和我們正合作此事。) |
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B. |
做受詞時必須和主詞是指同一個或一些人或事物。
如: |
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(1) |
Sunny never took
lessons. She taught herself how to play the piano.
(桑妮未曾上過課。她自學彈鋼琴。) |
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(9) |
One should not
live for oneself alone.
(一個人不應該僅為自己而活著。) |
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(注 |
意) |
在美語中,通常都是用
he, him, his, himself 指句首的 one,
而不是用one, one's,
oneself。因此,本例在美語中應如下: |
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One should not
live for himself alone. |
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(10) |
The tickets
are for the Wangs and |
myself.
(×) |
me.
(O) |
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(這些票是為王家夫婦和我準備的。) |
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(13) |
a. |
Funny and Money
blamed themselves for the accident.
(方尼和曼妮為這次事故而自責。) |
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b. |
Funny and Money blamed
each other for the accident.
(=Funny blamed Money and Money blamed Funny for the accident.)
(方尼和曼妮為這次事故而互相指責。) |
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(14) |
a. |
She is talking to her.
(兩個人) (她正在和她談話。) |
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b. |
She is talking to
herself. (同一人) (她在自言自語。) |
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C. |
如果介詞是表示
"位置或場所",
其受詞雖和主詞指同一物件也不可用 -self
代名詞。 如: |
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(1) |
Did you
take your daughter with |
yourself?
(×) |
you?
(O) |
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(你是不是把你的女兒帶在身邊?) |
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D. |
如果是 "日常"
的動作而及于自己時,那代表自己的受詞常被省略--以下各例中括弧裡的
-self 通常都是不說出來的。 |
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(1) |
He doesn't shave
(himself) every day. (他不是每天刮鬍子。) |
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注意:這一句不可譯成
"他每天不刮鬍子。" (參閱
p.314) |
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(2) |
She always
dresses (herself) in white.
(她總是穿白色衣服。) |
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但:下面一句裡的himself不能省。為什麼? |
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The small child is
learning to dress himself.
(這個小孩正在學習自己穿衣服。) |
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因為這個小孩替自己穿衣服是不平常的,並非他經常做的事情。 |
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(6) |
He overslept (himself)
this morning and was late for school.
(今天早晨他睡過了頭,結果上學遲到了。) |
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E. |
在口語中,尤其在短句裡,做同位語的
-self 代名詞常放在句尾或子句之末。
如: |
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(1) |
Can you do the work yourself
(or Can you yourself do the work), or do you need help?
(你能不能自己做這工作,還是需要幫助?) |
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(5) |
This refrigerator
defrosts itself (or This refrigerator itself defrosts).
(這台冰箱自動除霜。) |
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F. |
複合人稱代名詞必須和它的先行詞的人稱、數、性一致。
如: |
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(1) |
a. |
My little sister cut
myself with a knife the other day. (×, 人稱不一致) |
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b. |
My little sister cut
himself with a knife the other day. (×, 性不一致) |
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c. |
My little sister cut herself
with a knife the other day. (O)
(幾天前我妹妹用小刀割傷了自己。) |
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(2) |
a. |
You must all look after
yourself during your trip. (×, 數不一致) |
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b. |
You must all look after yourselves
during your trip. (O)
(在旅途中你們都必須照顧自己。) |