10. |
加強句中某一部分的語氣。 |
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公式:
It is (was)+
所要加強部分 + that
(or
who)+其餘部分
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甲說: I
met your cousin in the park last night.
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(昨天晚上我在公園裡遇見了你的表妹。) |
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甲所說的這句話,可能乙某一部分沒有聽清楚或對某一部分表示懷疑而提出下列各種詢問;甲回答這些詢問時需要用上述加強語勢的句型。 |
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(1)
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乙問: Who
met my cousin in the park last night?
(or Who
was it that met my cousin in the park last night?)
(是誰昨天晚上在公園裡遇見了我的表妹?)
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甲答: It
was I who met your cousin last night.
(是我昨天晚上在公園裡遇見了你的表妹。)
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這句話的重點是在回答
"誰"
遇見,因為是 "我"
遇見,所以要加強 "我(I)"
而用 "It
was I..."。 |
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(2)
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乙問: Whom
did you meet in the park last night?
(or Who
was it that you met in the park last night?)
(我昨天晚上在公園裡遇見了誰呀?)
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甲答: It
was your cousin that I met in the p ark last night.
(我昨天晚上在公園裡遇見的人是你的表妹。)
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這句話的重點是回答遇見了
"誰",因為是遇見了
"你的表妹",所以要加強
"你的表妹(your
cousin)"
而用 "It
was your cousin...."。 |
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(3)
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乙問: When
did you meet my cousin in the park?
(or When
was it that you met my cousin in the park?)
(你什麼時候在公園裡遇見了我的表妹?)
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甲答: It
was last night that I met your cousin in the park.
(我是昨天晚上在公園裡遇見了你的表妹。)
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這句話的重點是在回答遇見的
"時間",因為是
"昨天晚上"
遇見的,所以要加強 "昨天晚上(last
night)"
而用 "It
was last night..."。 |
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(4)
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乙問: Where
did you meet my cousin last night ?
(or Where
was it that you met my cousin last night?)
(你昨天晚上是在什麼地方遇見我的表妹的?)
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甲答: It
was in the park that I met your cousin last night.
(我昨天晚上是在公園裡遇見你的表妹的。)
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這句話的重點是在回答遇見的
"地方",因為是
"在公園裡"
遇見的,所以要加強 "在公園裡(in
the park )"
而用 "It
was in the park..."。 |
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(註)
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(a)
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"
It is / was+某人"
之後的關係代名詞在正式的場合通常都是用
who,在口語中則多用
that。
如:
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(1)
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It was
you who (or
that ) saved
his life.(是你救了他的性命。)
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(2)
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It is
not you but he who (or
that) is
to blame.(不怪你,怪他。)
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(3)
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It
was a member of the public and not a policeman who (or
that) captured
the murderer.
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(是一位老百姓抓住凶手的而非警察。)
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(b)
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"It
is / was +主格人稱代名詞+who..."
是合于文法的正式的結構,口語中卻時常聽到
"It is / was +受格人稱代名詞+that..."
這樣的說法,但是嚴謹的作家們從不接受這種不合文法的結構。
如:
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(1)
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It
was I who told the police.
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(是我報警的。)
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It
was me that told
the police.
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如果要避免過于正式或過于隨便,可以改用以下的說法: |
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(2)
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I
was the one who told the police.
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(c)
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"
It is(was)...
who(or
that)...
"中 的 who
或
that 之後的動詞的人稱與數要和它前面的名詞或代名詞一致,與主詞
it 無關。
如:
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(1)
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It is
he who is wrong.(是他不對。)
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(2)
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It is you
that are wrong.(是你不對。)
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(3)
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It was
my two sons that (or
who) were
hurt.
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(受傷的是我的兩個兒子。) |
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(d)
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It is (was)
與 that 之間的加強部分有時是一個子句。
如:
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(1)
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It was
while I was traveling in Japan that I saw her.
(我是在日本旅行的時候見到她的。)
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這句話的普通的表達方式為: |
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I saw
her while I was traveling in Japan.
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(我在日本旅行的時候見到了她。) |
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(2)
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It is because
John is honest and diligent that he is popular with his
friends.
(約翰在他的朋友中很受歡迎那是因為他誠懇而又勤勉。)
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這句話普通的表達方式為: |
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John
is popular with his friends because he is honest and diligent.
(約翰因為誠懇而又勤勉在他的朋友中很受歡迎。)
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11.
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代表做某件事的人(如敲門的人,
把窗子打破的人等)或辨明某人是誰。
如:
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(1)
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"Who
is it (that
is knocking at the door)?"
"It's Mary."
("是誰〔在敲門〕呀?" "是瑪麗〔是我〕"。)
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當你聽到敲門的聲音時,說 "Who
is it?"
已足,後面的關係子句可以不說出來(國語裡也是一樣)。 |
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(2)
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"Who
was it(that
broke the window)?" "It
was John。"
("是誰?〔是誰把窗子打破了?〕" "是約翰。")
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當你聽到有異聲跑出來一看窗子破了,
隨即向在旁的那些孩子問 "Who
was it?" 即可,
關係子句 "that
broke the window" 可以不說出來(國語也如此),當然,說出來也是可以的。 |
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(提
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示)
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以上兩例之結構即是前面第
10 項結構的省略型。
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(3)
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"Who's
that?" "It
looks like Mary. "
("那是誰?" "看起來像是瑪麗。")
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12.
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It 的省略:
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在 know,
see, understand, think, suppose, guess, imagine, believe,
expect, forget, don't care, don't mind, never mind 之後做受詞的
it 通常都是不說出來的。
如:
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(1)
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"It's
late." "I
know." (不說 I
know it.)
("時間很遲〔晚〕了。
" "我知道。")
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(2)
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"What's
my name?" "I
forget." ("我叫什麼名字?" "我忘了。
")
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(3)
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"Do
you understand?" "Yes, I
do." ("你懂不懂?" "我懂。")
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•
•
• |
13. |
It 的慣用語: |
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(1) |
It is
very kind of you.(=You
are very kind.)(你真好。) |
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(2) |
It
is very kind of your brother to help me.
(=Your
brother is very kind to help me.)(承蒙令兄惠助,不勝感激。) |
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(3) |
It
is all over with us.(=There
is no hope left for us.)
(〔我們〕一切都完了。 ) |
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(4) |
How is
it with him?(=How
is he?)(他好嗎?) |
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•
•
• |
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(10) |
He had
a hard time of it as a boy.(他童年時代的日子很苦。) |
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(11) |
We
must fight it out.(我們必須戰鬥到底。) |
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此種用法的
it 很有點和我們俗語中
"幹它一下","混它一陣就算了"
裡的 "它"
字的意義同樣地模糊而毫無所指。 |