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(續上期) |
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14.
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each other
與 one another :
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(a)
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只可做受詞,不可做主詞。
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(b)
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一般文法書裡
都說 each other 是指兩者互相, one another則指三者或更多,但這條規則並沒有反應在實際用法上,許多人都是將這兩個詞語不分區別的使用著。
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(c)
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each other
的所有格為 each other's,不是 each others'; one another
的所有格是 one another's,不是 one anothers'。
必須注意的是它們後面的名詞都是複數,不可用單數。
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(1)
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The two brothers look
like each other (or one another).
(這兩兄弟的相貌彼此相像。)
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(2)
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The three sisters gave
presents to one another (or each other) at
Christmas.
(這三姐妹互贈聖誕禮物。)
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(3)
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They know each
other's (or one another's) weak points.
(他們知道彼此的弱點。)
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(註)
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(a)
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若非指某一件事,而是指平常都是如此的事,以用
one another 較為普遍。 如:
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Brothers and sisters
should help one another.(兄弟姐妹應該互相幫助。)
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(b)
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副詞兼形容詞的
else 和 other 一樣也作 "其他的、別的"
講,後者是放在被修飾的名詞或 one
之前,前者則用於疑問詞 when, where, how, who, what, 或
somewhere等之後,或用於不定代名詞 little, much, all
等之後,或用於 somebody, anybody 等之後,或用於 or
else 片語中。 如:
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(1)
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He was born in Taiwan,
but he was brought up somewhere else (or some other
place).
(他在臺灣出生的,但是在別的地方長大的。)
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(2)
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It must be here; I have
looked for it everywhere else.
(他一定是在這裡,其他的每一個地方我都找過了。)
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(3)
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Who else is coming?(別的還有誰要來?)
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(11) |
Little else (=
Not much more) remains to be done.
(沒有剩下什麼事要做的了。 ) |
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(12) |
He must be joking, or
else he's mad.
(他一定在開玩笑,不然他是瘋了。) |
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(13) |
Do what I say, or
else.(照我說的做,否則...〔要你好看〕。) |
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(c) |
所有格 somebody's
else, everybody's else 等都是過去的用法,如今卻都用somebody
else's, everybody else's。唯一的例外是 "who else"
的所有格偶然會用 whose else,不過這只限於後面不是緊接著名詞。
如: |
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(1) |
That must be somebody
else's umbrella; it isn't mine.
(那一定是別人的傘,不是我的。) |
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(2) |
Who else's
umbrella can it be?(它可能是其他什麼人的傘呢?) |
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15. |
有關 other
的慣用語: |
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A. |
other than --
大意是"除…而外","與…不同"。 |
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(1) |
He has no books other
than the Bible.
(除了聖經而外,他沒有別的書。) |
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(2) |
I do not wish him other
than he is.(I like him as he is.)
(我不希望他與現在不同 --
我喜歡他現在這樣。) |
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(3) |
The truth is quite other
than (different from) what you think. |
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(事實真相與你所想的完全不同。) |
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B. |
every other day (line)=
every second day (line) = every two days(lines), 國語譯作
"每隔一天(行)","每兩天(行)"。 |
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(1) |
I don't go there
every day (week), only every other day(week).
(我不是每天〔每星期〕去那裡
,只是每隔一天〔每隔一星期〕去一次。) |
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(2) |
Write it on every
other line.(隔行寫。) |
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(註) |
every third day = every
three days(每隔兩天);every fourth day = every four days(每隔三天);餘類推。 |
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C. |
the other day(night)=
a few days (nights) ago --
國語譯作"幾天以前(的夜裡 )"。 |
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(1) |
I met a girl friend of
yours at the zoo the other day.
(幾天前我在動物園裡 遇見了你的一位女朋友。) |
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(2) |
That thunderstorm the
other night frightened the baby.
(幾天前夜裡 的那一場雷雨把這嬰兒嚇了。) |
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D. |
on the other hand
(另一方面,相反地) |
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(1) |
She is very fond of
drawing; on the other hand, her husband indulges in gambling.
(她愛好繪畫,相反地她的丈夫嗜賭。) |
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(2) |
Father and Mother wanted
to go for a ride; the children, on the other hand, wanted to
go swimming with their friends.
(爸爸和媽媽想開車去兜風,另一方面孩子們卻想和朋友一起去游泳。) |
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(3) |
On (the) one hand, I
have to work; on the other hand, I have many visitors.
(一方面我必須工作,另一方面我有許多訪客。) |