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6.
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最高級形容詞之使用場合：
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(提
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示)
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表示 "最" 的含義時用 "most 或 est"，表示
"最不" 的含義時用 "least"。再者， 最高級形容詞之前通常都有 the (有例外－－參閱
p.402-3)。 如：
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(1)
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What is the most valuable thing you own?
(你擁有的最有價值的東西是什麼?)
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(2)
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When my wife goes shopping, she always looks for the least
expensive items.
(我的太太買東西時，總是找最便宜的。)
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1.
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最高級＋of
all / 複數或集合名詞：
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(1)
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I have three novels. These two are quite good, but this one is the
best of all.
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(我有三本小說。這兩本相當不錯，但這本是最好的。)
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(2)
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I took four final exams. The final in accounting was the least
difficult of all.
(我參加了四門課的期終考試。會計學的期終考試最不難。)
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•
•
• |
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2.
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one of＋最高級＋複數名詞：
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(1)
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Shanghai is one of the largest cities in the world.
(上海是世界上最大的城市之一。)
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(2)
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One of the most interesting people
I have ever met is my roommates mother.
(我所遇到的最有趣的人之一是我室友的母親。)
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•
•
• |
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3.
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among＋最高級＋複數名詞
＝ one of ＋最高級＋複數名詞：
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(1)
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Kaohsiung is among (or one of) the largest industrial cities
in Taiwan.
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(高雄是臺灣最大的工業城市之一。)
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(2)
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He is among the most prudent statesmen.
(他是最有遠見的政治家之一。)
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•
•
• |
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4.
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最高級
(＋單數名詞 )＋among＋複數名詞：
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(1)
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This is the most interesting among our English lessons.
(這是我們的英語課文中最有趣的。)
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(2)
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Money is the least among your worries.
(錢是你最不用擔心的。)
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•
•
• |
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5.
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最高級 (＋單數或複數名詞 )＋in＋地方：
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(1)
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She's the youngest in the family.
(她是家中最小的。)
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(2)
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This is one of the most valuable paintings in the museum.
(這是博物館中最有價值的畫之一。)
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(3)
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I am the least diligent in our class.
(我是班上最不用功的。)
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(類
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例)
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You are the happiest person under the sun.
(=You are
the happiest person in the world.)
(你是世上最快樂的人。)
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6.
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最高級＋名詞 (單或複）＋（that）...（ever）：
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(1)
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Living in a refugee camp was the worst experience (that)
I have ever had in my life.
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(在難民營的生活是我一生中最糟的經歷。)
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(2)
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He is the least considerate husband I have ever known.
(他是我所認識的最不體貼的丈夫。)
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(3)
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He was one of the greatest presidents (that) we have
had.
(他是我們所有的最偉大的總統之一。)
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•
•
• |
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(註)
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(a)
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最高級形容詞之前的 even (即使)時常是省略的。這種最高級並非是比較的結果，而是用作比喻。如：
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(1)
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The greatest man (= Even the
greatest man) sometimes makes mistakes.
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(最偉大的人有時也犯錯。)
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(2)
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The poorest student (= Even the
poorest student) in our class can read this book with ease.
(班上最差的學生也能輕而易舉地看這本書。)
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(3)
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The richest man (=Even the richest
man) in the world cannot avoid death.
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(即使是世界上最有錢的人也免不了一死。)
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(b)
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最高級形容詞可以用 far/by far (放在 the 之前), very (放在
the 之後)， much (放在 the 之前) 修飾以加強語氣。 如：
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(1)
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This is (by) far the most useful.(這個最為有用。)
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(2)
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The goods are of the very best quality.
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(這些貨物的品質是最好不過的了。 )
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(3)
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This book is much the best for learning English grammar.
(這本書對於學習英文法是最有用不過的了。
)
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7.
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有關各種比較的進一步說明：
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1.
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原級形容詞可用來表示最高級的含義。其結構如下：
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no other＋單數名詞 / nobody else / nothing else...so / as＋原級＋as... |
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(1)
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No other teacher is so (or as) respected as Mr.Wang.
(沒有其他的老師像王老師那樣受人尊敬。)
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=Mr.Wang is the most respected of all teachers.
(王老師是全體老師中最受人尊敬的。)
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(2)
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No other city in China is as (or so) large as Shanghai.
(中國境內沒有其他的城市像上海那樣大。)
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＝Shanghai is the largest city in China (or the largest of all
cities in China).
(上海是中國境內最大的城市〔中國境內所有城市中最大的〕。)
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(3)
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Nothing else is so (or as)
precious as time.
(沒有別的東西像時間這樣寶貴。)
＝Time is the most precious of all things.
(時間是一切事物中最寶貴的。)
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2.
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比較級形容詞可用來表示最高級的含義。其結構如下：
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Ａ.
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…比較級＋than＋any other＋單數名詞
/ all (the) other＋複數名 / anybody else / anything else:
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(1)
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Mr.Wang is more respected than any other teacher (or than
all the other teachers).
(王生先比任何其他的老師〔所有其他的老師〕更受人尊敬。)
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(2)
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Time is more precious than anything else.
(時間比其他任何東西更寶貴。)
＝Time
is the most precious of all things.(時間是一切事物中最寶貴的。)
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(註)
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(a)
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後者絕不能包括前者。下面兩句都錯了：
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(1)
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Iron is more useful than all
metals.(×)
後者 "all metals (所有的金屬)" 包括了 "iron (鐵)"，所以錯了。
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(2)
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The Yangtze Jiang is longer than any
river in China.(×)
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前者 "the Yangtze Jiang (揚子江)"
包括在 "any river in China (中國境內的任何一條河流)" 之中，所以也錯了。 |
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(b)
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將前者從後者中除去的方式如下：
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(1)
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"後者" 用 "other＋複數名詞" 表示。
如：
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(1)
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Iron is more useful than all other metals.
(鐵比所有其他的金屬有用。)
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(2)
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The Yangtze Jiang is longer than all other rivers in China.
(揚子江比中國境內所有其他的河流更長。)
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(2)
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"後者" 用 "any other＋單數名詞" 或
"any else"表示。 如：
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(1)
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Iron is more useful than any other metal.
(鐵比任何其他的金屬更有用。)
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(2)
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The Yangtze Jiang is longer than any other river in China.
(揚子江比中國境內任何其他的河流更長。)
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(3)
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Mary had better marks than anyone else in her class.
(瑪麗的得分比她班上任何其他的學生高。) |
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(c)
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後者原來不包括前者在內時，不必用 other或 else。
如： |
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(1) |
Mary's nicer than her three sisters.(瑪麗比她的三個姐妹更好。) |
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(2) |
The Yangtze Jiang is much longer than any river (or all rivers) in
Japan. |
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(揚子江比日本境內的任何河流都長的多。) |
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B. |
nothing / nobody...比較級＋than...： |
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這種結構形式上是比較級，實際上則表示最高級的含義。
如： |
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(1) |
Nothing is more precious than
time, yet nothing is less valued.
(=Time is the most precious, yet it is the least valued.)
(時間最為寶貴，但最不受人重視。) |
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(2) |
Nobody loved money better than
he, or more respected those who had it. |
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(沒有人比他更貪財，或更崇拜有錢人。) |
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•
•
• |
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C. |
...never...＋比較級...或 not...ever...＋比較級...： |
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(1) |
A: |
You have met many people in your lifetime, but Sunny is special. Is
she kind?
(你一生中遇到過許多人，但桑妮很特別，她是不是挺仁慈?) |
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B: |
Yes, I have never met a kinder and more generous
person.
(是的，我從沒遇到一個更仁慈、更慷慨的人。) |
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(2) |
A: |
Your mother told me you saw a film last night. Was it good?
(你母親告訴我你昨晚看了場電影。它是不是很精彩?) |
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B: |
No, I have never seen a worse film.
(不，我從沒看過比它更糟的電影。) |
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(3) |
A: |
Someone said something bad about you. Were you angry?
(有人說你壞話。你是不是很生氣?) |
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B: |
Yes, I don't think I have ever been angrier in
my life.
(是的，我想我一生中從沒有比這次更氣的。) |
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•
•
• |
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3. |
以下各種場合裏的-est / most之前沒有 the： |
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A. |
被用來代替 "very＋原級" 或 "very" 以加強語氣時前面沒有 the。 如： |
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(1) |
I think this method is simplest and easiest.
(=I
think this method is very simple and easy.)
(我認為這個方法最簡易不過的了。 ) |
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(2) |
He is calmest when he is all by himself.(＝He is very calm
when...)
(他一人獨處時極為平靜。) |
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(3) |
The sentence of six months imprisonment was most unjust (=was
very unjust).
(六個月監禁的判決極其不公。) |
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(4) |
He is a most proud (= a very proud) man.
(他是個極端驕傲的人。) |
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比較： |
He is the proudest man I have ever known.
(他是我所認識的最驕傲的人。) |
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•
•
• |
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B. |
most 的含義是 "多數
(over fifty percent)" 時前面沒有 the。 如： |
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(1) |
Most people need six to eight
hours of sleep every day.
(多數人每天需要六至八小時的睡眠。) |
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比 |
較： |
China has the most people of any country in the world.
(中國在世界上任何國家中擁有最多人口。) |
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(2) |
Most learned men are modest.
(大部分有學問的人都很謙虛。) |
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比 |
較： |
The most learned man (=Even the
most learned man) among them could not answer the question.
(即使其中最有學問的人也回答不出這個問題。) |
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(註) |
用作最高級副詞時前面沒有the。 如： |
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(a) |
I like apples best of all fruits.
(所有水果中我最喜歡蘋果。) |
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本例中的best是副詞well的最高級，修飾動詞like。 |
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比較：This is the best of all.(這是最好的。) |
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本例中的best是形容詞good的最高級，做主詞補語。 |
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(b) |
Bill runs quickly, Jack runs more quickly than Bill, and Bob
runs most quickly of all.
(比爾跑得快，傑克跑得比比爾快，鮑伯在三者中跑得最快。) |
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C. |
帶有所有格的最高級形容詞之前沒有the。 如： |
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(1) |
Sunny's worst fault is her quick
temper.
(桑妮最大的毛病是她的急性子。) |
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(2) |
She is my youngest sister.(她是我最小的妹妹。) |