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6.
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wide, broad𣿅
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說某物有多少寬度時，wide 與 broad
通用。 如： |
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The desk is three feet wide (or broad).(這張桌子三呎寬。)𣿅 |
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(2) |
That's a river fifteen feet broad (or wide).
(那是一條十五呎寬的河。)𣿅 |
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指狹長形的物體 (如街道、河流等)
的 "寬" 通常用wide；broad是加強 wide 語氣的字，所以若要表示 "寬廣的"、"遼闊的"
(如田野、河谷、陸地、海洋等)，該用 broad。在正式的場合或在文學體裁中，broad也常用在 rivers 和 streets
之前，以描述相當寬的河流與街道。 如：𣿅
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(1)
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One path was so narrow that only one person could walk in it. The other was wide enough for two people to walk side by side.𣿅
(其中一條小路很窄，只能一個人走，另一條的寬度可以讓兩個人並肩而行。)蕌
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"one...; the other..."是指兩者中的"一個…，另一個…"(參閱
p.305)𣿅
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(2)
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The car's too wide to go into the garage.
(這輛車太寬，開不進這間車庫。)𣿅
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(3)
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We spent the summer in a cottage on a wide river.𣿅
(我們是在一條很寬的河邊的一間小屋裏度過了夏天。)
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(4)
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Across the broad valley of the Danube, the mountains look blue and mysterious in the distance.𣿅
(這些山脈越過遼闊的多瑙河盆地遠遠望去顯得青翠而又神秘。)
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(註)
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若是指與地平線平行的(不是像河流、海洋兩邊有岸以及河谷兩邊有山的)遼闊，不用broad,用wide。 如：
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We've been traveling on the wide plains of the west.𣿅
(我們一直是在廣大的西部平原旅行。)𣿅
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3.
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指嘴、眼等 "張開至最大的程度"用wide,指背、肩、胸的 "寬" 用broad。 wide 也可用作副詞、美語中偶爾也用
broad 代替。 如：
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(1)
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Open your mouth wide.(把嘴儘量張大。)𣿅
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(2)
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We open the windows wide when we go to bed.𣿅
(我們睡覺的時候都是把窗子大開著。)
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(3)
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She stared at him with wide eyes.(她睜大眼睛盯著他看。)𣿅
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(4)
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He has a very broad chest (shoulder, back).
(他的胸〔肩、背〕部很寬。)𣿅
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(5)
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When I went into her room, she was wide awake.𣿅
(當我進入她的房間時，她完全醒著。)蕌
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偶爾也有美國人用 broad awake。𣿅
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(6)
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He was standing with his feet wide apart.
(他兩腳張開很大地站著。)蕌
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最後兩句裏的 wide 都是副詞，分別修飾形容詞 awake 和 apart。
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4.
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wide還可作 "廣泛的"，"多方面的" 講。如：𣿅
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His father's a man with wide interests.
(他的父親是個興趣廣泛的人。)𣿅
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(2)
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He's a man of wide experience. I think he's equal to the task.𣿅
(他是個經驗豐富的人，我想他能勝任此項工作。)𣿅
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5.
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"wide of" 是 "離目標（話題等）很遠"。 如：
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Your answer was wide of the mark.(你的回答離題太遠。)𣿅
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(2)
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It's a guess wide of the truth.(這是猜測，遠非事實。)𣿅
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(3)
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The shot went wide of the mark.(這一槍未能擊中。)𣿅
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6.
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下列各語中的broad不要改成wide：
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broad daylight (大白天)
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broad-minded (胸襟開闊的)𣿅
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broad hint (明顯的暗示)
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broad-humor (粗鄙的幽默)𣿅
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broad outline (概略)
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broad-views (寬大為懷)𣿅
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broad forehead (寬的前額)
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broad-brow (寬的眉)𣿅
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7.
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sick, ill𣿅
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sick 和 ill作 "生病的" 講時，英美的用法有異有同：𣿅
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A.
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相異處：
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放在動詞之後或受詞之後做補語時，美語中 sick和 ill通用，英語中通常只用ill。 如：
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(1)
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When people have measles, or any other disease, they are
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sick (or ill). (美)
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ill. (英)
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(當人們得了麻疹，或任何其他疾病的時候，即是生病了。)𣿅
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(2)
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| Her mother was |
sick (or ill). (美) |
| ill (英) |
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and she had to do the shopping, cooking and washing.
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(她的母親病了， 她不得不買菜、做飯和洗衣服。)
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shopping不限於 "買菜"，但在本句裏譯成買菜比較合於我們的語言習慣。𣿅
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B.
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相同處：
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置於名詞之前作限定的用法時，英美都只用sick，不用ill。 如：𣿅
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(1)
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| He made himself |
sick(or ill) (美) |
| ill (英) |
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| by looking after his |
sick(O) |
mother. |
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ill(×) |
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(他因服侍他的生病的母親而使得自己累病了。 )𣿅
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(2)
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| The |
ill(×)
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person has been
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sick (or ill) (美)
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for years. |
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sick(O)
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ill (英)
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(這個病人已經病了幾年了。
)
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sick另可作 "嘔吐"、"想吐"講， ill則不可。 如：
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(1)
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I feel sick. Where's the bathroom?(我想吐，浴室在哪裡?)
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(2)
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My mother often gets sick from riding in the car.(我母親時常暈車。)𣿅
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(3)
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I'm never sea-sick.(我從來不暈船。)𣿅
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(4)
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She was sick three times in the night.(夜裏她吐了三次。)𣿅
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home-sick, love-sick等複合形容詞中的 sick 的含義是 "思念的"。 如：
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A home-sick girl is one who longs to return home.
(想家的女孩是個渴望回家者。)𣿅
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(2)
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A love-sick youth is one who is so much in love that he does not feel well.𣿅
(害相思病的青年即是因戀愛而覺得身體不適的年輕人。)𣿅
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sick of是 "厭倦"， 相當於"tired of"；sick for是"渴望，思念"；sick with是"因…而可憐或不樂"，後接疾病時是"患…病"。
如：
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I'm sick of your complaining.(我討厭你訴苦。)
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He's got sick of city life, and is now sick for his home in the country.
(他已經厭倦了都市的生活，現在思念他鄉下的家。)𣿅
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(3)
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The girl is sick with longing to see her family.𣿅
(這個女孩想見到她的家人想得好可憐。)蕌
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"to long to+v."是"渴望要"。
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(4)
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Mother was sick with worry the night you were late coming home.𣿅
(你遲回家的那天晚上媽媽擔心死了。 )𣿅
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(5)
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John was sick with a high fever (=John had a high fever) last night.
(約翰昨天夜裏發高燒。)𣿅
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(註)
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sick at heart是"傷心、失望"，不是"患心臟病"。𣿅
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5.
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sick可作名詞用，而且是複數，前面通常有the(指一切病人或某一地區或某一事件中的所有病人)；也可以帶有表示不定數量的形容詞(如many)。
如𣿅
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(1)
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The sick ought to be taken good care of.(病人應該受到好的照顧。)𣿅
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(2)
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We visited the sick.(我們訪問了那些病人。)𣿅
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(3)
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Many sick are cared for in hospitals.
(許多病人在各醫院裏接受治療。)𣿅
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6.
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ill和sick一樣也可以放在名詞之前作限定的用法，但含義不同，sick是作"生病的"講，ill卻表示生病以外的其他"不好"的含義。
如：𣿅
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If you do ill deeds, you must expect to be punished.𣿅
(假如你有不良的行為，你當然會受到懲罰。)𣿅
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(2)
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Ill news runs apace.(壞事傳千裡。)𣿅
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(3)
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It is an ill wind that blows nobody good.
(世上沒有對人人都不利的事。)𣿅
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ill health(不健康) |
ill luck (or fortune)(霉運) |
ill nature(性情乖戾) |
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ill will(惡意) |
ill temper(壞脾氣) |
an ill omen(惡兆) |
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ill fame (or repute)(惡名) |
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7.
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ill還可作副詞用，修飾動詞。 如：𣿅
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(1)
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A job ill done may be better than not done at all.𣿅
(工作做的不好也許比根本不做要好。)𣿅
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We could ill afford the time and money.
(我們很難騰出時間也無力負擔這筆錢。)𣿅
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(3)
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Don't speak ill of others behind their backs.(不要背後說人壞話。)
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speak ill of 可換成 speak evil of, 意思都是 "說…的壞話"。
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