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worth, worthy𣿅
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1. |
worth是個只可作為述的用法的形容詞 (不可放在名詞之前)，而且"必須要有受詞(名詞、代名詞或動名詞)"，所以有的字典稱它為介詞。如： |
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(1) |
I paid $1,000 for this picture but it's worth more.𣿅
(我花了一千元買了這張畫，但是它值的錢更多。)蕌 |
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本句裏的 "worth"是"值…錢"，
more (=more money) 是做它的受詞。 |
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(2) |
This vase is worth twelve dollars. (這個花瓶值十二元。) |
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(3) |
The old man is worth (died worth) a million dollars.𣿅
(這位老人有〔死的時候有〕一百萬財產。) |
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本句裏的 "worth"是"有…財產"，相當於
"having a fortune of"。 |
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2. |
worth的含義是"值得"時，可用在兩種不同的結構裏－－姑且將此
worth 視為兼有介詞性質的形容詞，因此其後必須有受詞。 |
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結 |
構一：主詞（人、事、物等）＋
be 動詞 ＋ worth ＋V.ing |
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(a) |
其中的 "V.ing" 不可改用 "to ∼"，因為不定詞不可做介詞的受詞（第三冊pp.96-3，414註(a)）。 |
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(b) |
其中 "V.ing" 的 "V."
一定是及物動詞或類似及物動詞的片語動詞（參閱 p.528）。 |
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(c) |
此一動名詞必須是 "主動語態"，不可用被動的
"being ＋ p.p."。 |
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(d) |
此一動名詞之後不可有受詞，因為句中的主詞即是其意義上的受詞。𣿅 |
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結 |
構二：It ＋ be
動詞 ＋ worth (one's) while ＋ to ∼/ V.ing |
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(a) |
其中的 while 是名詞，相當於 time (如 for a long while=for
a long time)，做介詞worth的受詞。𣿅 |
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(b) |
其中的 it
是形式主詞，句尾的不定詞或動名詞是真正主詞（不定詞用得較多）。 |
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(c) |
句尾的不定詞或動名詞應有的受詞不可遺漏。𣿅 |
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(1) |
He is not worth
talking about.杄（他不值得談。）𣿅
=It is not worth while to talk (or talking) about him.
（談他這個人不值得。） |
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(2) |
Such a thing is worth
studying.杄（這種事值得研究。）
=It is worth (our) while to study (or studying) such a
thing.杄𣿅
（研究這種事是值得的。）𣿅 |
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(3) |
The book is worth
reading.杄（這本書值得閱讀。）𣿅
=It is worth while to read (or reading) the book.𣿅 |
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（閱讀這本書是值得的。） |
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(4) |
比較以下兩句中的 it： |
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(1) |
It is not worth buying.杄（這東西不值得購買。） |
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(2) |
It is not worth while to buy it.杄（購買這東西不值得。） |
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上面一句的 it
是代替一樣東西做主詞（結構一）。下面一句句首的 it 是代替句尾的不定詞做形式主詞，句末的it是代替一樣東西做
to buy 的受詞（結構二）。 |
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3. |
worthy 也可作值得講，但和 worth不同： |
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(a) |
主詞是名詞或代名詞(不可用it做形式主詞)。 |
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(b) |
worthy之後可接不定詞，也可接 "of＋-ing",其中的
ing必須用被動來表示被動的含義。 |
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(c) |
worthy of之後也可接名詞。 |
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(1) |
His behavior is worthy of great praise.(他的行為值得大加表揚。) |
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(2) |
There was nothing worthy of mention.(沒有值得一提的事情。)𣿅 |
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(3) |
He's a man worthy to have a place in the team.𣿅
(他是個值得在該球隊中佔有一席之地的人。)𣿅 |
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(4) |
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This is worthy of |
doing. (×) |
(這件事值得做。)𣿅 |
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being done. (O) |
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worthy還可放在名詞之前作限定的用法，意思是"有價值的"、"值得的"、"可敬的"－－作此含義時，有時帶有幽默或蔑視的意味。
如： |
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(1) |
One should live a worthy life.(人應該過著有價值的生活。) |
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(2) |
He found a worthy enemy.(他遇到了強勁的對手。) |
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(3) |
He helps only the worthy poor.(他只幫助值得幫助的窮人。) |
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worth可作名詞用，含義是 "價值" ，"重要性"
。如： |
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(1) |
His worth to the world is inestimable.
(他對這個世界的重要性是難以評估的。)𣿅 |
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(2) |
Give me ten dollars' worth of sugar.(給我十塊錢的糖。)𣿅 |
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9. |
certain, sure |
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1. |
兩者之後都可接that-clause, 而且含義相同。如：𣿅 |
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(1) |
Mary is sure (or certain) that she heard Mother call
us.𣿅
(瑪麗確信她聽到了媽媽叫我們。)𣿅 |
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(2) |
John was not certain (or sure) he could go until he
asked Father𣿅
(約翰要等問過爸爸以後才可確定他能不能去。)蕌 |
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"not...until..." 譯成 "不到…不…"
或 "到…才…"。 |
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2. |
兩者之後都可接不定詞，而且含義相同－－指說話者確信主詞會如何如何。如： |
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(1) |
He's sure (or certain) to succeed.(=I'm sure he will
succeed.)
(他一定會成功。) |
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(2) |
Manchester are certain (or sure) to win (=I'm certain
Manchester will win); the other team haven't got a chance. |
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(曼徹斯特〔隊〕一定會贏，另外那一隊沒有機會〔贏〕。) |
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3. |
兩者之後都可接 "of＋-ing"，
而且含義相同－－指主詞自信會如何如何 (注意和上面的結構含義不同：上面是說話者確信，本結構是主詞自信)。
如： |
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(1) |
He's sure (or certain) of succeeding.(=He's sure
〔or certain〕 he will succeed.)
(他自信他會成功。) |
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(2) |
Before the game started John felt quite sure (or certain) of
winning (=...John felt quite sure that he will win),but after the first five minutes he began to lose confidence. |
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(在比賽開始以前約翰頗有自信以?他一定會贏，但是在開賽的最初五分鐘之後他開始失去了信心。)𣿅 |
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(註) |
certain (or sure) of之後也可接名詞。如： |
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(1) |
I'm certain (or sure) of his honesty.(=I'm
certain 〔or sure〕 that he is honest.)
(我確信他很誠實。) |
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(2) |
I'm certain (or sure) of his success.(= I'm sure〔or
certain〕 that he will succeed.)
(我確信他一定會成功。) |