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6. |
個別情況下的冠詞之有無：
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1.
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餐名之前通常沒有冠詞，但"形容詞＋餐名"或"餐名＋形容詞片語或子句"之前，以及指慶祝餐宴、歡迎餐宴或喜宴等，都該有不定冠詞或定冠詞。如：
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(1)
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We will stay for lunch, if it isn't too much trouble for you.
(我們就在這兒吃午飯，如果不太麻煩你的話。)
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(2)
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I found the Lees at breakfast (lunch, dinner).
(我發現李家人在吃早〔午、晚〕飯。)
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(3)
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I make it a rule to take a nap after lunch.
(午餐後，我照例午睡。)
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(4)
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Come round to dinner one day.
(找一天過來吃晚飯。)
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(5)
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Each night after dinner we like to go for a walk.
(每天晚飯後，我們喜歡散散步。)
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(6)
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Is dinner (lunch, breakfast) ready, Mummy? I'm
hungry.
(媽咪，晚〔午、早〕飯好了沒有? 我餓了。 )
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(7)
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The dinner (lunch,
breakfast) I had at his house yesterday was a little too heavy.
(昨天我在他家吃的晚〔午、早〕飯有點難消化。)
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•
•
• |
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2.
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四季的名稱做主詞或主詞補語時，通常都沒有the。介詞in之後有無the均可(美語中多有the)。若是指定的則必有the。
in the fall(在秋季)是美語，其中的the不可省。如：
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(1)
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Spring, summer, autumn
and winter are the four seasons of the year.
(春、夏、秋、冬是一年的四季。)
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(2)
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The four seasons of the year are spring, summer, autumn,
and winter.
(一年的四季是春季、夏季、秋季和冬季。)
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(3)
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In our part of the world, summer is the hottest season.
(在地球上的我們這個地區，夏季是最熱的季節。)
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(4)
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The farmer plants his seeds in (the) spring.
(農民在春季播種。)
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(5)
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We pick apples in the fall.(我們秋天採收蘋果。)
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(6)
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We passed the winter in the south.
(那一年的冬天我們是在南方度過的。－－指定的)
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•
•
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3.
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class,school, college, university, church, hospital, prison,
court, market, bed, table, sea等名詞被用作原來的目的時，沒有冠詞；如果這些名詞在句中是表示場所或建築物本身，需要冠詞。如：
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(1)
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The children study art in art class.
(這些孩子在美術班上美術課。)
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比
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較：
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How many students are there in the class? And how many classes
are there in the school?
(這一班有多少學生? 這個學校有多少個班級?)
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(2)
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All the children in Taiwan must go to school (or attend
school) at the age of six.
(臺灣的兒童六歲時都必須進學校讀書。)
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(3)
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He left school when he was fifteen.(他十五歲時輟學了。
)
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(4)
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Is he old enough for school?(他的年齡可不可以上學了。
)
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(5)
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Will you come for a walk after school?
(放學後你願不願意〔一起〕去散散步?)
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(6)
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Children learn how to read in school.
(孩子們在學校裡學習如何讀書。)
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本句裡的 school雖然譯為 "學校"
好像是指場所，但就全句而言還是被用作原來的目的－－讀書，所以還是沒有冠詞。in
school 是美語，英語則用 at school。 |
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順便一提的是 learn to ~ 和 learn how to ~含義不同，前者是學會了…，後者是學習…。因此下面兩句意思不同： |
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(1)
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He learns to swim.(他學會游泳。)
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(2)
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He learns how to swim.(他學習如何游泳。－－
還不會遊或遊得不好)
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(7)
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John has been expelled from school.(約翰已被開除。)
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(8)
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School is over at half
after 3 p.m.(下午三點半放學。)
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比
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較：
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(1)
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My father is going to the school to see the principal.
(我爸爸要去學校見校長。)
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(2)
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They live near the school.(他們住在學校附近。)
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以上兩例裡的 school都是指場所，所以都需要有冠詞。 |
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(9)
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The Chens go to church every Sunday.
(陳家人每星期日都去教堂做禮拜。)
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church(教堂)的用途是供人做禮拜的，本句的
church是指用途(到教堂去做禮拜)，所以該說 "go to church"，不該說 "go to the church"。 at
church(正在做禮拜)中也沒有 the。 |
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比
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較：
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We walked to the church, and then took the bus there.
(我們步行到教堂，然後在那裡乘公共汽車。)
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本句的 church是指教堂這個建築物的場所，所以前面該有冠詞。 |
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(10)
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The sick person was sent to (the) hospital.
(這病人被送到醫院去看病了。
)
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英語說 to hospital (沒有the)，美語常說 to
the hospital (有the)。此外，英語說 in hospital (沒有the)，美語中說 in the hospital (有the)，如下(11)例。 |
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(11)
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He is in (the) hospital and will have an
operation tomorrow.
(他正在住院而且明天要動手術。)
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比
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較：
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Many people went to the hospital to inquire after his health.
(許多人到醫院去探問他的病情。)
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本句的 hospital
是指醫院這個建築物的場所，所以前面該有冠詞。 |
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(12)
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They were taken to prison for stealing.
(他們因偷竊而被送到監獄去坐牢。)
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prison (監獄)
的用途是供人坐牢的，本句的 prison是指用途(被送去坐牢)，所以該說 "...taken to prison"，不說
"...taken to the prison"。 |
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比
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較：
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There is a prison at the back of my house.
(我家後面有一所監獄。)
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本句的 prison
是指監獄的本身，所以前面該有冠詞。 |
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(13)
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The burglar was taken into court to be tried for robbing the
gas station.
(這個盜匪因為搶劫加油站而被帶進法庭受審。)
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(14) |
They settled the case out of court.(他們的案子在庭外和解了。) |
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(15) |
I'm tired, so I'm going to bed.(我很疲倦，所以我就要睡覺了。) |
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比 |
較： |
I went to the bed to pick up my watch.(我到床上去拿我的手錶。) |
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(16) |
They were at table when we called.(我們往訪時，他們正在吃飯。) |
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(17) |
Parents should tell children to behave well at table.
(做父母的應該叫孩子們吃飯的時候要規矩。) |
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比 |
較： |
Mammy, a dish fell off the table.
(媽咪，有一個碟子從桌上掉下去了。) |
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(18) |
Mother's gone to (the) market.(媽媽到市場〔買東西〕去了。) |
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go to market 和 go to the market都可說，at
market (正在市場買東西) 沒有 the，如果說到某某市場去，則有 the；come into the market 或 be on the market (出售)
裡也都有 the。如： |
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Mother goes to the fruit market to buy watermelon.
（媽媽到水果市場去買西瓜。) |
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watermelon (西瓜)
原為可數的名詞，如一個西瓜是a watermelon, 兩個西瓜是two watermelons;
但是西瓜可以切開來賣的，那就和豬肉、牛肉一樣變成了物質名詞，不可數。當然如果說買一個西瓜則必須說to
buy a watermelon。 |
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This house will come into the market next month.
(這棟房屋下個月要出售。) |
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(19) |
He went to sea at fifteen years of age.(他十五歲時當了水手。) |
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比 |
較： |
We often go to the sea for our summer vacation. |
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(我們時常到海邊去度暑假。) |
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(20) |
The ship put to sea, having a large number of passengers.
(該船出了港，載了許多旅客。) |
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(21) |
They are at sea.(他們正在海上航行。) |
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at sea另有一義是 "困惑的、不能確定的"，相當於
"perplexed, uncertain"。 如： |
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(22) |
I was completely (or all) at sea as to how to answer the
question.
(我完全不知道如何回答這個問題才好。) |