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19.
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表示官職、身分、職業的名詞與冠詞之使用：
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A.
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在人名之前時無冠詞。如：
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King George (喬治國王)
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Uncle Tom (湯姆叔)
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Queen Elizabeth (伊利莎白女王)
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| Admiral Chang (張大帥) |
Professor Chen (陳教授) |
President Eisenhower (艾森豪威爾總統) |
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B.
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做專有名詞的同位語時無冠詞。如：
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(1)
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Mr.Kennedy, President of the United States, was murdered in 1963.
(甘尼迪先生，美國總統，是一九六三年被謀殺的。)
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(2)
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This is Dr.Lee, professor of the Normal University.
(這位是李博士， 師範大學的教授。)
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C.
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在 turn之後做補語，以及在其他動詞之後表示
"唯一的職位" 的補語時無冠詞，若非唯一的職位或者是表示
"職業"，單數的名詞之前都該有冠詞，複數的而且是指定的該有定冠詞
the。如：
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(1)
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He's truned Christian (traitor, editor of a newspaper).
(他已成為基督徒〔賣國賊，一家報紙的主筆〕。)
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(2)
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Mr.Kennedy was elected Present of the United States of America in 1960.
(甘尼迪先生于一九六○年被選為美國總統。)
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(3)
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They elected Mr.Wang chairman.(他們選王先生為主席。)
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(4)
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He was made captain of the team.
(他被選〔或派〕為該隊的隊長。)
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(5)
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He was appointed chief clerk.(他被指派為主任秘書。)
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•
•
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(10)
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a.
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He is principal of our school.
(他是本校校長。－－不是擔任別的職務。)
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本句 principal (校長) 之前沒有冠詞，其重點是在說他身為本校校長這個
"職位或身分"。 |
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b.
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He is the principal of our school.
(他是本校的校長。－－別人不是本校的校長。)
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本句 principal(校長)之前有冠詞，其重點不在 "職務"，而在 "人"。 |
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(11)
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He is a principal.(他是校長。)
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principal(校長)有很多，他只是很多校長中的一個，所以前面該有a。 |
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(註) |
下面的兩個句子都是錯的。 |
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(1) |
He is a principal of our school.(×) |
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上例應譯成 "他是本校的一個校長"，難道除了他本校還有其他校長？當然是不正確的。 |
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(2) |
He is the teacher of our school.(×) |
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上例的含義是本校只有一個老師，而這個老師就是他；事實上一個學校怎麼會只有一位老師? 最小的學校也會有幾個老師，他只是其中的一個；所以本句teacher的前面不該是 the，應該是
a。因此： |
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(a) |
"a＋單數名詞＋of＋機關學校" 之中的 a有 "除此以外尚有" 的含義。 |
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(b) |
"the＋單數名詞＋of＋機關學校" 之中的 the含有 "除此以外沒有" 的含義。 |
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(c) |
"無冠詞複數名詞＋of＋機關學校" 裡的複數名詞是 "除此以外尚有" 的含義。 |
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(d) |
"the＋複數名詞＋of＋機關學校 " 之中的the含有 "除此以外沒有" 的含義。 |
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(1) |
He is a teacher of our school.
(他是我們學校的一位教師。) |
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(2) |
They are teachers of our school.
(他們是本校的老師。－－本校老師除了他們外，還有其他老師。) |
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(3) |
They are the teachers of our school.
(他們是本校的老師。－－本校老師除了他們外，沒有其他了。) |
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20. |
all / both之後的 the可以省略， all of / both of之後的
the 不可省。如： |
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(1) |
All (the) girls are my students.(那些女孩全是我的學生。) |
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(2) |
Both (the) brothers are bright and diligent.
(兄弟倆都很聰明而又用功。) |
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(3) |
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All of |
students (×) |
in that school are in uniform. |
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the students (O) |
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(那個學校的學生全都穿著制服。) |
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21. |
a (the, this, that, some, what) kind (or sort, type, manner,
species) of 之後的名詞沒有冠詞 (見註)。如： |
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(1)
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He's a friendly kind of person.
(他是屬於很友善的一種人。)
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(2)
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She's the kind of woman who likes to help other people.
(她是那種喜歡幫助別人的女人。)
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(3)
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It's the kind of room that I can feel at home in.
(那是我住在裡面感覺很舒適的那種房間。)
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(4)
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We can't approve this sort of thing.
(我們不能贊同這種事情。)
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(5)
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He's a kind of genius.
(他是屬於天才的一種人。－－他可以說是天才。)
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(6)
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He's a fine type of Chinese gentleman.
(他是中國紳士的優良典型。－－他頗有中國的君子之風。)
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(10)
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What manner of woman is she?(=What is she like?)
(她是什麼樣的女人?)
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(註)
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What kind (or sort) of 之後的 man / fellow 在實際的使用上有無 a 都有人用。如：
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What kind (or sort) of |
man (×) |
is he? (=What is he like?) |
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a man (O) |
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(他是什麼樣的人?)
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究其原因，可能是 kind和 sort分明是表示 "種類"，而人就是人，自成一類，為什麼還要問是哪一類? 持這種意見的人就在 man之前加了個
a而把 kind或 sort的 "種類" 的含義沖淡。
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22. |
名詞之前有 one, no, each, every, either, neither, some, any, this, that, these, those, which, 或所有格名詞或代名詞時不可再有定冠詞或不定冠詞。如：
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(1)
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No a (×) |
cigarette is completely harmless. |
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No (O) |
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(沒有一種香煙完全無害。)
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(2)
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That's |
my a (×) |
watch!(那是我的錶!) |
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my (O) |
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(5)
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You may take |
any a (×) |
book that interests you. |
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any (O) |
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(你可以拿任何一本你感覺有趣的書。)
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(註) |
所有格名詞之前可以有the，但專有名詞的所有格之前不可有the。 如：
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(1)
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We must provide for the children's future.
(我們必須為這些孩子的未來預作準備。)
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(2)
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I met |
the John's (×) |
new girl friend yesterday. |
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John's (O) |
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(昨天我遇見了約翰的新的女朋友。)
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23. |
"have／take＋a＋抽象名詞"
與該抽象名詞的動詞同義。如：
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(1)
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Let's take a swim.= Let's swim.(我們來游泳吧。)
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(2)
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I have had a long talk with him on the subject.
=I have long
talked with him on the subject.
(關於這個問題我已經和他作過一次長談。)
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其 |
他
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如：
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have a walk (n.)=walk (v.) |
have a rest (n.)=rest (v.) |
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have a dance (n.)=dance (v.) |
have a look (n.)=look (v.) |
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have a bath (n.)=bathe (v.) |
have a quarrel (n.)=quarrel (v.) |
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