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24.
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下面的慣用語裡都有 "a"：
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at a distance (由遠處)
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at a loss (虧損)
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be at a loss (困惑，不知道)
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at a bound (一躍，一舉)
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as a rule (通常， 照例地)
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as a whole (就全體來看)
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all of a sudden (突然地)
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in a hurry (匆忙地)
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25.
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下面的慣用語裡都有 the。
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in the morning (早晨,上午)
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in the afternoon (下午)
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in the evening (晚上)
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in the night (晚上，夜裡)
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in the light (在亮處)
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in the dark (在暗處)
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in the sun (在陽光下)
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in the shade (在陰處)
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in the rain (wet) (在雨中)
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in the daytime (在白天)
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in the distance (在遠處)
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in the country (在鄉下)
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in the right (有理)
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in the wrong (無理)
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in the beginning (在當初)
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in the end (最後)
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in the long run (終於)
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in the open (在戶外)
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in the same way (同樣地)
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on the contrary (相反地)
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26.
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稱呼語之前不用冠詞。如：
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(1)
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Boys, don't make so much noise, please.
(小朋友，請不要這麼吵。)
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(2)
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Ladies and gentlemen, I desire to express my opinion about this matter.
(各位女士、各位先生，我想對這件事表示我的意見。)
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27.
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在家庭內說到家裡的某人 (包括傭人) 時不用冠詞。如:
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(1)
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Father has gone to Taipei on business.
(爸爸因事到臺北去了。)
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(2)
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Mother is cooking in the kitchen.
(媽媽在廚房裡做飯。)
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(註)
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此種用法的 father, mother等與專有名詞同，所以不在句首時也往往用大寫字母開始。如：
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Has Father come home?(爸爸有沒有回來?)
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(3)
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Grandmother is Father's mother. She is Mother's mother-in-law.
(祖母是父親的母親，是媽媽的婆婆。)
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•
•
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(7)
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When the children were playing in the park, Nurse talked to a friend.
(孩子們在公園裡玩的時候，褓姆跟朋友談話。)
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28.
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把原來不在句首而j為了要加強語氣移至句首的名詞 (原在動詞之後做主詞補語)
省略其冠詞 (參閱加強語氣與倒置句)。如：
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(1) |
Nice day it is! (=What a nice day 〔it is〕!)
(多麼好的天啊!) |
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(2) |
Child as (though) he is, he talks as if he were a man.
(他雖然是個小孩，可是他說起話來就像是大人。) |
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Child as (though) he is = Though he is a child |
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(3) |
Great scholar as (though) he is, he is lacking in common sense.
(他雖然是個大學者，但是他缺乏常識。) |
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Great scholar as (though) he is = Though he is a great scholar |
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29. |
以下各種情形均無冠詞： |
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A. |
若用and或介詞將兩個相對的、相關連的、甚至相同的原應有冠詞的名詞結合在一起時，不要冠詞，但是有一個條件，那就是這兩個名詞不帶有任何修飾語。 |
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(1) |
Mr.Chang is engaged to Miss Lee and they will be husband and wife pretty soon.
(張先生和李小姐訂婚了， 而且很快就會成為夫妻。) |
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(2) |
My parents have cold meat and salad for supper, winter and summer.
(我的父母晚餐吃冷肉和沙拉，冬夏皆如此。) |
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(3) |
We should serve the people heart and soul.
(我們應該全心全意為人民服務。) |
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(4) |
He eats hardly enough to keep body and soul together.
(他吃的食物少得難以維持生命。) |
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(5) |
The murderer was bound hand and foot.
(那個殺人犯手腳被綁。) |
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(11) |
The poor old man was begging from door to door.
(這個可憐的老人挨家挨戶地乞討。) |
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其 |
他 |
如： |
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bit by bit (逐漸地) |
from south to north (從南到北) |
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back to back (背靠背) |
from time to time (一而再地) |
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bow and arrow (弓箭) |
foot and nail (盡力，拼命地) |
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by word of mouth (口頭) |
foot by foot (一步一步地，循序漸近地) |
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day after/by day (天天) |
hand and foot (盡力) |
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day and night (晝夜，一天到晚) |
hand in hand (手牽著手) |
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day after/by day (天天) |
hand in pocket (手插在口袋裡) |
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doctor and patient (醫生和病患) |
head over heels (翻筋斗，徹底地) |
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face to face (面對面) |
heart and soul (全部精力) |
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father and son (父子) |
inch by inch (逐漸地) |
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from beginning to end (自始至終) |
knife and fork (刀叉) |
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from cover to cover (從第一頁到最後一頁) |
from top to toe = from head to foot (從頭到腳) |
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B. |
有些動詞和沒有冠詞的名詞結合而成為動詞片語。如： |
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(1) |
It took place (= happened) yesterday.
(這件事是昨天發生的。) |
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(2) |
He took part (= joined) in the picnic.
(他參加了野餐。) |
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(3) |
She gave birth to (= bore) twins.
(她生了一對雙胞胎。) |
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其 |
他 |
如： |
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catch fire (著火) |
make haste (趕緊) |
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catch sight of (發現，看出) |
make sense of (懂) |
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do one good (對某人有益) |
set foot on (踏上) |
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do one harm (對某人有害) |
set sail (開船) |
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give ear to (傾聽) |
take advantage of (利用) |
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•
•
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C. |
有些慣用語裡，介詞之後做受詞的名詞不帶冠詞。如： |
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(1) |
They started at dawn.(他們天亮動身的。) |
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(2) |
The building is on fire.(那棟建築物著火了。) |
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(3) |
He went off in great haste.(他匆匆地走掉了。) |
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其 |
他 |
如： |
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after school (放學後) |
by day and by night (夜以繼日) |
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at best (最好也不過) |
by mistake (由於錯誤地) |
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at breakfast (在吃早飯) |
by night (乘著晚上〔夜裡〕) |
|
at church (在做禮拜) |
for example (例如) |
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at desk (在寫字，在辦公) |
for instance (例如) |
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at dinner (在吃晚飯) |
in bed (在睡覺) |
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at first (最初) |
in class (在上課) |
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at hand (在近處) |
in danger (在危險中) |
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at home (在家中) |
in debt (在負債) |
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at last (最後) |
in fact (事實上) |
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at least (至少) |
in hospital (在住院) |
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at leisure (閒暇時) |
in order (整齊地) |
|
at lunch (在吃午飯) |
in private (私下地) |
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at midnight (夜半時分) |
in prison (在坐牢) |
|
at most (至多) |
in public (公開地) |
|
at night (晚間，夜裡) |
in question (在議論中) |
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•
•
• |
•
•
• |
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