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get＋過去分詞 －－ 是 "be＋過去分詞" 的另一種形式，所不同者，be 是表示當時的狀態，那時以前的情形是否也是如此不在話下；get
則表示以前並非如此，而轉變成當時的狀態。如： |
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(1) |
It is said that he got scolded (laughed at，dismissed，told off) for being dishonest.
(聽說他因為不誠實而被責罵〔恥笑、解僱〕了。) |
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tell off ＝
scold (責罵) |
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(2) |
He got drowned trying to swim across this river.
(他在企圖遊過這條河時淹死了。) |
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trying to swim across this river ＝ while he was trying to swim across this river.
(參閱第三冊 p.362-O) |
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(3) |
When are you going to get (or be) married?
(你們打算什麼時候結婚?) |
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(4) |
That picture got damaged (or was damaged) when we were moving.
(我們搬家的時候那張畫受了損。) |
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(註) |
並非所有的 "be＋過去分詞" 都可用 "get＋過去分詞" 來代替，例如應該說 "This house was built in 1978." 不可說 "This house got built in 1978."。 "get＋過去分詞"通常只限於在以下兩種情形下使用： |
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(a) |
說話者認為是突然、出乎意料之外、不幸的事情。如： |
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(1) |
My brother got hit by a stone last night.
(我弟弟昨天晚上被一塊石頭擊中了。) |
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(2) |
How did the window get broken?
(這個窗子是怎麼破的?) |
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(3) |
He got caught by the police driving at 120 on the free way.
(他在高速公路上因為開車時速到了一百二十而被警方抓到了。) |
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(4) |
More and more women are getting attacked in the dark lanes these days.
(最近有越來越多的婦女在黑暗的巷子裡遭到襲擊。) |
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(5) |
I got invited to lots of parties last month.
(上個月我被邀請參加許多宴會。－－ 真未料到。) |
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(6) |
If an explanation is confusing, you get confused.
(如果解釋是模糊不清的，你就會弄糊塗了。) |
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(b) |
替自己做的事情，並非真正的被動語態。如： |
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(1) |
Get dressed and come downstairs right away.
(立刻穿好衣服下樓來。) |
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right away ＝ at once ＝ immediately (立刻) |
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(2) |
Don't get lost (＝Don't lose yourself＝Don't lose your way).
(不要迷失了路。) |
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(3) |
Go and get washed (＝Go and wash yourself) and then go to bed.
(去洗澡然後去睡覺。) |
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(4) |
She got married in January, and (got) divorced in February.
(她一月結婚，二月離婚。) |
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(註) |
沒有說跟誰結婚時，通常都不用marry，若說明了跟誰結婚用
marry和 get (or be) married to (不可用with) 均可，離婚的說法也類似 (如例 (4)(5))；"訂婚" 是 "be (get) engaged"，"和某人訂婚"
後接 "to 某人"。如： |
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(1) |
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When are you going |
to get (or be) married? (○) |
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to marry? (很不好) |
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(你們打算什麼時候結婚?) |
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(2) |
He wanted to marry her, but she wouldn't have him.
(他想要娶她，可是她不願意嫁給他。) |
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(3) |
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She |
married a boy (○) |
she met on holiday. |
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got married to a boy (○) |
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(她和她度假時遇見的一位小夥子結了婚。) |
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(4) |
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Mary |
divorced (×)𣿅 |
last month. (瑪麗上個月離婚了。) |
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got divorced (○) |
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got a divorce (○) |
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(5) |
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She |
divorced (○) |
her former husband two years ago. |
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was divorced from (○) |
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got a divorce from (○) |
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(她是兩年前和前夫離婚的。) |
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(6) |
When did you get engaged?
(你是什麼時候訂婚的?) |
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(7) |
Mother was engaged to Father for a year before they were (or got) married.𣿅
(媽媽和爸爸訂婚了一年才結婚。) |
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說訂婚
(結婚) 有多少時間時，只可用 "be engaged (married) to"，其中的 be 不可改用 get，因為 get 只能表示狀態的轉變 (如從未訂婚變成訂婚，從未結婚變成結婚)，不能表示此一狀態已經持續了若干時間。因此上例中的
was engaged to 不可改成
got engaged to。 |